A Media Gateway bridges legacy time-division multiplexing (TDM) voice and modern IP multimedia, converting signaling and media so calls and streams interoperate across PSTN, IMS, and UC/CCaaS platforms. Core functions include protocol interworking (SS7/ISUP, PRI to SIP), codec transcoding (G.711, G.729, AMR-WB, Opus/EVS), DTMF/fax (RFC 2833, T.38), echo cancellation, jitter buffering, and lawful intercept. On the security side, gateways terminate TLS/SRTP, enforce topology hiding, apply SIP header normalization, and integrate with STIR/SHAKEN. In carrier networks, MGWs pair with call control (softswitch, IMS MGCF) and media resources (MRF); in enterprises, they enable SIP trunking, analog/PRI device survival, and integration with Microsoft Teams, Zoom Phone, or Cisco. Deployment models span appliance DSP platforms, virtualized NFV, and cloud-native microservices at the network edge, each balancing density, latency, resilience, and operating cost.
Architecturally, media gateways sit between access and core, handling media anchoring, NAT traversal, QoS marking, and number normalization to ensure consistent policy enforcement. High…
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